Safest oil and gas storage and transportation tech

Oil and gas storage and transportation safety technology

the selection of oil and gas pipeline route should be combined with the current situation and planning of the construction of cities, towns, industrial and mining enterprises, transportation, electricity, water conservancy, etc. along the line, as well as the natural conditions such as terrain, landform, geology, hydrology, meteorology, earthquake, etc. in the area along the line, and take into account the convenience of construction and future pipeline management and maintenance to determine the reasonable route. Oil and gas pipelines shall not pass through urban water sources, airports, military facilities, stations and wharves. In case of unavoidable conditions, necessary protective measures shall be taken and approved by relevant state departments. The management unit of oil and gas pipelines shall assign special personnel to inspect the pipelines regularly and deal with the abnormal conditions along the oil and gas pipelines in a timely manner

the minimum distance between buried oil and gas pipelines and ground buildings (structures) shall comply with the provisions of GB 50251 and GB 50253

when buried oil and gas pipelines are laid parallel or cross with high-voltage transmission lines, the safety distance shall comply with the provisions of GB 50061 and GB 50253; The safe distance from the lightning protection grounding body of the high-voltage transmission line tower shall not be less than 20 m. when the requirements cannot be met due to conditions, corresponding anti thunder protection measures shall be taken for the pipeline, and the lightning protection measures shall not affect the cathodic protection effect of the pipeline and the maintenance of the pipeline; When laying cross with high-voltage transmission lines, valve chambers and devices that may leak oil and gas shall not be set within 20 m from the transmission lines

when buried oil and gas pipelines are laid in parallel with communication cables, the safety distance should not be less than 10 m; If the special zone fails to meet the requirements, corresponding protective measures shall be taken; When crossing, the clear space between the two shall not be less than 0.5 m. And the later construction shall pass under the first construction

when buried oil and gas pipelines are laid in parallel with other pipelines, the safety distance should not be less than 10 m; If the special zone fails to meet the requirements, corresponding protective measures shall be taken, and sufficient maintenance and first-aid repair spacing shall be maintained between the two pipelines; When crossing, the clear space between the two should not be less than 0.5 m, and the later construction should pass under the first construction

mileage piles, corner piles and sign piles shall be set along the oil and gas pipelines. Mileage piles should be set at the integral mileage of the pipeline, one per kilometer, and shared with cathodic protection test piles. When the oil and gas pipelines are laid on the ground, protective measures should be taken and obvious warning signs should be set in the sections where people are more active and vulnerable to the impact of automatic reel replacement system to achieve uninterrupted production vehicles and foreign objects

implement pipeline hydraulic protection according to the actual situation on site. The form of pipeline hydraulic protection should be selected reasonably according to local conditions; Check the hydraulic protection facilities of the pipeline regularly, and take corresponding measures in time if problems are found

2. Line block valve

oil and gas pipelines should be equipped with line block valves, and the grounding of vent pipes attached to natural gas pipeline block valves should be regularly tested. Patrol the block valve regularly. The pipeline with the condition that the condenser is moved down and aligned with the slide specimen should be equipped with data remote transmission, control and alarm functions. The sampling impulse pipe of the block valve of the natural gas pipeline shall be equipped with a root block valve

3. Pipeline crossing

when the oil and gas pipeline passes through the river, a reasonable crossing location should be selected according to the natural conditions such as hydrology, geology, water potential, topography, landform, earthquake, and the current situation of villages and towns on both banks, as well as the transportation, taking into account the overall direction of the pipeline and the convenience of future pipeline management and maintenance. Considering the safety of oil and gas pipelines, it is appropriate to adopt the crossing method when the pipeline passes through rivers, highways and railways

for the flood control safety requirements of oil and gas pipelines crossing rivers, the design flood frequency should be reasonably selected according to the grade and scale of the crossing project and the local hydrological and meteorological data. The flood control safety requirements of the pipeline crossing project located within 20 km downstream of the reservoir shall be designed according to the topographic conditions and reservoir capacity. If a new reservoir needs to be built within 20 km upstream of the pipeline crossing project, the reservoir construction unit shall take corresponding safety measures for the pipeline crossing project. The steel pipes, structures and materials of oil and gas pipelines crossing rivers, highways and railways shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national code for design of crude oil and natural gas transmission pipeline crossing projects. Steel pipes, towers, components and cables for pipelines crossing rivers shall be made of materials resistant to atmospheric environment corrosion, ultraviolet radiation and climate aging. The pipeline management unit shall formulate the maintenance plan and measures for the pipeline crossing the river according to the aging of the anti-corrosion materials. When the pipeline crosses the river, there should be sufficient distance from the bridge and wharf. The buried depth of the pipeline crossing the river shall be below the scouring layer, and sufficient safety margin shall be reserved. The buried depth of pipes buried by trenching shall be determined according to the requirements of engineering grade and scouring condition. During the construction of the counterweight and Gabion of the anti drift pipe crossing the river, protective measures shall be taken for the anti-corrosion coating. Before and after the flood season every year, the management unit of the oil and gas pipeline should conduct safety inspection on the pipeline sections crossing the river. The pipeline sections crossing the river that do not meet the flood control requirements should be reinforced in time or laid with equipment. When the arm sections crossing the river are protected by gabions, the gabions should not be directly pressed above the pipeline and should be arranged about 10m away from the downstream of the arm sections crossing

the location where the pipeline crosses roads and railways should avoid roads or railway stations, duty crossings and tunnels. Warning signs should be set up at the location where the pipeline crosses roads and railways. When oil and gas pipelines cross roads and railways, they should be crossed vertically as much as possible. If they cannot be crossed vertically due to conditions, the minimum included angle should not be less than 30 °, and rocks and low-lying areas should be avoided

if there is a reservoir in the upstream of the river where the oil and gas pipeline crosses, the pipeline management enterprise should contact the water conservancy and reservoir units to understand the flood situation and take flood control measures. The water conservancy and reservoir units should inform the pipeline management enterprises of the flood discharge plan at least two days in advance, and should avoid a large number of flood discharge washing out the pipeline

II. Oil transportation station

1. General provisions

obvious safety warning signs and instructions for entry shall be set at the entrance of oil transportation station. Education and training on emergency knowledge such as safety precautions and escape routes should be carried out for foreign personnel entering the oil transmission station. The general layout of the oil and natural gas station should be based on the characteristics of its production process, the functional requirements of fire risk level, combined with the terrain, wind direction and other conditions. Determined by technical and economic comparison. Places with open flames or sparks, such as boiler rooms, 35kV and above transformer (distribution) stations, heating furnaces, water jacket furnaces, etc. in the oil and gas station should be arranged at the edge of the station or oil and gas production area. The general layout of the oil and natural gas station shall comply with the following provisions:

(1) places and facilities that may emit combustible gases should be arranged on the windward side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction in places where people are concentrated and places where open flames or sparks are emitted

(2) class A and class B liquid storage tanks should be arranged at the lower part of the station. When limited by conditions or special process requirements, they can be arranged at the higher part of the ground 254 structural engineering potential, but effective measures should be taken to prevent the liquid from flowing away

(3) when the station adopts stepped vertical design, measures should be taken to prevent leakage of flammable liquid overflow between the steps

(4) natural gas condensate, class A and class B oil storage tank groups should not be arranged close to the flood drainage ditch

2 oil transportation station

(1) site selection of oil transportation station. It shall meet the requirements of pipeline engineering route and process design; It shall comply with the current national laws and regulations on safety and fire prevention, environmental protection, industrial health, etc; It shall meet the relevant requirements of residential areas, industrial and mining enterprises, railways, highways, etc

it should reach the upper limit of all carbon based electric double-layer capacitors, implement the basic national policy of saving land, make rational use of land, do not occupy or occupy less fertile land and arable land, strive to expand land utilization, and implement relevant laws and regulations such as environmental protection and water conservation

the site of the station should be selected in a place with flat and open terrain, avoiding artificial fill and seismic fracture zone, good terrain, landform, engineering and hydrogeological conditions, convenient traffic connection, and convenient power supply, water supply, drainage and social support for workers

the site selection of the station should avoid low-lying areas prone to ponding, dry flood detention areas of rivers and sections threatened by waterlogging; In mountainous areas, avoid areas where mountain torrents and debris flows pose a threat to the station, and avoid windy areas; When opening mountains and filling ditches to build artificial sites in mountainous and hilly areas, it is necessary to avoid opening valleys through which mountain torrents flow, prevent the collapse and loss of backfill earthwork, and ensure the stability of station foundation; Avoid areas threatened by floods, lakes or surges

(2) fire fighting of oil transportation station. The setting of fire-fighting facilities in the oil and natural gas station shall be determined according to its scale, nature of oil products, storage mode, storage temperature, layout of the fire station in the region and external cooperation conditions. The oil tank farm shall be equipped with complete fire-fighting system or fire-fighting equipment; The tank farm site should be illuminated at night, and the lighting should meet the safety technical standards and fire protection standards. Combustible gas detectors and fire-fighting equipment shall be provided as required; The fire-fighting facilities in the station shall be regularly commissioned and maintained

(3) lightning protection and anti-static of oil transportation station. The lightning protection classification and measures of buildings and structures in the station shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 50057; When the thickness of the top plate of the tower and container arranged in the open air in the device is equal to or greater than 4 mm, lightning rod protection may not be set, but lightning protection grounding shall be set. The equipment shall be grounded as required, and the grounding resistance shall meet the requirements and be tested regularly; The process pipe, equipment and automatic control instrument system shall be installed with lightning protection and anti-static grounding facilities according to the standards, and shall be inspected and tested regularly

(4) safety requirements for process equipment of oil transportation station. Strength pressure test and tightness test shall be carried out before the process pipeline and equipment are put into use, and the pipeline equipment and valves shall be tight without leakage; The equipment shall not operate in excess of temperature, pressure, speed and load, and the main equipment shall be equipped with safety protection devices; The oil pump unit shall be equipped with automatic safety protection device, and the operation control parameters shall be specified; The furnace body and tube of crude oil heating furnace shall be tested regularly, and the performance of heat medium of indirect heating furnace shall also be tested regularly. The heating furnace shall have corresponding measures to reduce the devices and measures that cause pollution to the environment; The installation, location and spacing of oil storage tanks should meet the design standards; The main valves such as regulating valve, pressure reducing valve, safety valve and high (low) pressure relief valve shall be operated and maintained according to the corresponding operation and maintenance procedures, and shall be calibrated regularly according to the regulations; The automatic operation of pipeline shall meet the requirements of process control and pipeline equipment protection; The operation status of the equipment shall be recorded regularly, and the operation status of oil pump unit, heating equipment, oil storage tank and other main equipment shall be analyzed and evaluated regularly; Anti corrosion protection measures shall be taken for arms and steel equipment; Configure safety relief devices for pipelines and equipment according to the operating pressure, and verify them regularly; Regularly test the setting parameters of pressure regulator, pressure limiting safety shut-off valve, line pressure reducing valve and safety relief valve; Inspect and calibrate the automatic instruments regularly